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    10/22/2009

    老子是化学系的。。。

    呃。。。贴个入门教程。。。

    有机化合物名称的基础是其母体--链烃,环烃和杂环。芳烃和杂环的中文名称由英文音译,脂环的名称由链烃而来。
    数目词头是脂肪族化合物英文名称的重要组成部分。十以内的数目词头如下所示:
          数目     英文词头
          1/2        hemi,semi 10 deca 20 eicosa 30 triaconta 40 tetraconta
          1           mono,uni 11 undeca 21 heneicosa 31 hentriaconta 50 pentaconta
          3/2        sesqui 12 dodeca 22 docosa 60 hexaconta
          2           di,bi,bis 13 trideca 23 tricosa 70 heptaconta
          3           ter,tri 14 tetradeca 80 octaconta
          4           tetra,quadri 15 pentadeca 90 nonaconta
          5           penta,quinqui,quinque 16 hexadeca 100 hecta
          6           hex,sexi 17 heptadeca
          7           hepta,septi 18 octadeca
          8           octa 19 nonadeca
          9           ennea,nona
          

    正如中文以天干和中文数字表示脂肪族化合物中碳原子数目,英文以数目词头表示之。
    但对应于"甲,乙,丙,丁"的英文词头与数目词头不一样:

      meth-   甲   eth-   乙   prop-   丙   but-   丁

    不幸的是,有机化合物根据其天然来源各有俗名,而且俗名似乎比系统名应用更广,使
    得有机化合物的名称更加复杂。下面列出碳原子数目在八以内的脂肪族有机化合物常见
    英文名称,从中可以窥见其构词规律。

    中文
    烷(-ane) methane ethane peopane butane
    烷基(-yl) methyl ethyl propyl butyl
    亚烷基(-ylene) methylene ethylene propyl butylene
    环烷(cyclo-) cyclopropane cyclobrtane
    烯(-ene) ethene propene butene
                     ethylene propylene butylene
    炔(-yne) ethyne propyne butyne

    中文
    烷(-ane) pentane hexane heptane octane
    烷基(-yl) pentyl/amyl hexyl heptyl octyl
    亚烷基(-ylene) amylene hexamethylene heptamethylene octamethylene
    环烷(cyclo-) cyclopentane cyclohexane cycloheptane cyclooctane
    烯(-ene) pentene hexene heptene octene
    amylene hexylene heptylene octylene
    炔(-yne) pentyne hexyne heptyne octyne
    醇(-ol) pentanol exanol   heptanol octanol
    醛(-al) pentanal hexanal heptanal octanal
           valeraldehyde caproaldehyde enanthaldehyde caprylaldehyde
    酮(-one) pentanone hexanone heptanone octanone
    酸(-ic acid) pentanoic a. hexanoic a. heptanoic a. octanoic a.
             valeric a. caproic a. enanthic a. caprylic a.
    酸酐(anhydride) valeric anhd. caproic anhd. enanthic anhd. caprylic a.
    酰基(-yl) valeryl caproyl enanthyl caprylyl
    酰氯(chloride) valeryl chl. caproyl chl. enanthyl chl. capryllyl chl.
    酰胺 (amide) valeramide caproamide enanthamide caprylamide
    胺(amine) amyl am. hexyl am. heptyl am. octyl am.
    晴(nitrile) valeronitrile capronitrile enanthonitrile caprylonitrile


    Comments (12)

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    Nanwrote:
    这阵势,排山倒海,明天考你两个看看~~
    Nov. 6
    小心 wangwrote:
    re LiBiGang
    Oct. 25
    silence LLwrote:
    哥你很强大阿。。。
    Oct. 23
    TNwrote:
    to Iris, 你被张显红果果的忽视了也~
    Oct. 23
    Manu Liangwrote:
    你要研发生化武器吗。。
    Oct. 23
    梦 顾wrote:
    不要迷恋哥~~哥是学化学的~~
    Oct. 23
    Xian Zhangwrote:
    to Jack: hi, 菊帝。。。
    to Tanya: 臭肉下看是正常的,别的俺不管了。。。
    to 家音:请指教!
    to Begun: 刚开始背词儿,离穿开裆裤还远着呢。。。
    Oct. 23
    BiGang Liwrote:
    刚脱开裆裤就敢吵着要媳妇了...
    Oct. 23
    家音 黄wrote:
    汗,实在太汗了……
    Oct. 22
    Tanya 田野wrote:
    排版太差。。
    Oct. 22
    凡 凡wrote:
    默默飘过。。。
    Oct. 22
    Oct. 22

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